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Latest Type 2 Medications Articles
The Chinese mentioned cinnamon in their written work more than 4,000 years ago. The ancient Egyptians used cinnamon in their embalming process, and the Roman writer/philosopher Pliny the Elder wrote in the first century AD that cinnamon was worth 15 times more than silver of the same weight.
In Medieval times, physicians used cinnamon for such ailments as sore throats. Later, Portugal, Holland, France and England vied for ownership of the island of Ceylon (Sri Lanka), where the world’s cinnamon was grown. But those rivalries ended in the early 1800s when the cinnamon monopoly dissolved after it was discovered that the spice could be grown in many other areas.
In the West today when most people think of cinnamon they immediately think about that most unhealthy, but delicious, pastry, the cinnamon roll. However, in the past few years cinnamon has been making a comeback in its old “roll” as a medication. Is cinnamon a substance with medicinal properties germane to the treatment of hyperglycemia? If so, is it safe? If it is safe and effective, how and when should it be taken? These aforementioned questions are worth answering.
Cinnamon and Glucose
Several mechanisms by which cinnamon might lower glucose have been proposed. Cinnamon may have an insulin-like effect, causing glucose to be stored in the form of glycogen. In one study of rats, cinnamon reportedly caused an increase in a compound IRS-1, which is responsible for increasing glucose uptake in muscle tissue. Cinnamon has also been reported to cause an increase in the transporter mechanisms (GLUT-4) that take glucose out of the blood stream and into tissue. Cinnamon has also been cited as having a number of other properties that might contribute to any hypoglycemic effect that it might have.
Cinnamon and Diabetes
The most often-cited study on the effects of cinnamon and diabetes was published in the journal Diabetes Care in 2003 by Khan and colleagues. This study evaluated 60 people with type 2 diabetes around the age of 50. They were divided into six groups of 10 patients each. Groups 1 through 3 were treated with 1, 3, or 6 grams of cinnamon daily, respectively. Groups 4 through 6 received a placebo.
Treatment with cinnamon or placebo lasted for 40 days. Researchers analyzed both groups’ fasting glucose, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol. No changes in the placebo group were observed over the 40-day period. However, in the cinnamon groups reductions in fasting glucose (down18 percent to 29 percent), triglycerides (down 23 percent to 30 percent), LDL cholesterol (down 7 percent to 27 percent) and total cholesterol (down 12 percent to 26 percent) were reported. If this were the end of the story, and if high-dose, long-term cinnamon was known to be safe, then perhaps cinnamon therapy would be widely recommended. Unfortunately, the picture is not quite so clear.
German Study Doesn’t Repeat Results
Another study carried out in Germany evaluated 65 patients with type 2 diabetes. This study was similar to the one above except half of the patients received placebo while the other half all received 3 grams of cinnamon daily for four months. In this study no difference between the two groups was reported for LDL or HDL cholesterol, triglycerides or HgbA1c. Fasting glucose levels dropped about 7 percent more in the group receiving cinnamon.
In the spring of 2006, another study of cinnamon appeared in the Journal of Nutrition. This study evaluated 25 post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes who were treated with 1.5 grams of cinnamon daily for six weeks. Cinnamon was not associated with a significant change in insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance or cholesterol profile.
Another study was published this year in the journal Diabetes Care. This study compiled all of the published human data from controlled studies of cinnamon and analyzed it together (a meta-analysis). This study concluded that cinnamon did not appear to improve HgbA1c, fasting glucose or blood lipids in patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
Should Cinnamon Be Recommended?
At this point the data regarding cinnamon’s efficacy in reducing glucose levels in patients with diabetes is inconsistent at best. Given the facts that hyperglycemia is a tissue toxic state and that safe and effective medications are available to reduce it, cinnamon should not be widely recommended at this time.
There are other concerns as well. Some forms of cinnamon contain a compound (coumarin) that can reduce the blood’s ability to clot. This has led authorities in Germany to seek reclassification of cinnamon supplements as regulated medication.
Cinnamon taken in supplemental doses should be avoided until more data is available and all safety concerns have been assuaged.
Sources:
Some Questions About This Article From Scott King, Editor-in-Chief:
John:
Thank you for this concise and accessible update to a topic that has been going around in the diabetes community for some time. I have some questions, though, about some of the studies you cited:
Did Khan use a different kind of cinnamon than other researchers to achieve results at such low dosages?
Why weren’t other researchers able to replicate his results?
Scott
Prof. White Replies:
Good questions. Khan used cinnamomum cassia and it was ground and added to flour and put into capsules. I don’t know about the other researchers decision making process regarding dose. Khan reported changes at 1, 3 and 6 grams so lower doses do seem reasonable.
Why weren’t others able to replicate the results? I don’t know. That is why clinical studies are repeated. Many things effect metabolic parameters. Just the fact that someone is in a study can cause changes (Hawthorne Effect). Anytime a natural substance is used there are myriad potential confounding factors. Additonally, there may be genetic factors among the patients.
In the final analysis, however, I think we have to look at all of the data. When we do this, it seems, at least at this point, that cinnamon has not been shown to be effective. Larger studies may prove this conclusion wrong.
I hope that helps. JW
John R. White, Jr., PA, PharmD, is a professor in the Department of Pharmacotherapy at the College of Pharmacy at Washington State University Spokane.
147 comments - 29 Nov 2007
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Comments
According to my experience as a natural medicine professional with additional training in Chinese medicine I have found that cinnamon is highly beneficial in diabetics who are diagnosed with hyperinsulinism. Reason being that cinnamon does tend to lower insulin levels. On the other hand, for hypoinsulinism cinnamon potentially makes things worse and can induce dangerous hypoglycemic episodes. Therefore, cinnamon should be used carefully and in the right context only.
While I have a great deal of respect for the *Scientific Method* that is used in Investigational Research Methodology, I am also familiar with the area of Neutraceuticals and a more *Natural* approach in the healing of Illness.
I do not think that any one approach in the treatment of Disease is the "Be-All/End All" way to go.
Each method has its advantage and shortcomings, that is why in Western Medicine there exists a *Risk-Benefit ratio for all drugs. Unfortunately Western Medicine carries many side-effects along with the intended benefit of the drug in question. Sometimes these side effects cause or can cause greater harm or/and discomfort than the benefit derived from such use.
Along with this, comes the added problem and risk of possible contamination that exists from various manufacturers and suppliers in places such as China and India that has recently been in the news regarding Coumadin because of poor or non-existent Safety Regulations in these countries. This is not the first time contaminated products have been reported. Which is why, in my opinion, Generic Drugs are more risky for the consumer than Brand-Name Pharmaceuticals which have greater safety controls in place.
In treating a chronic Illness such as Diabetes, I would avail myself of all possible ways to alleviate the problems that this complex Disease carries along with it.
I use common sense, the ability to decide for myself and an "Open-Mind" to determine what may or may not be of benefit to me.
I do not need someone in a "White Lab Coat" to issue any pronouncements as to whether or not a compound is beneficial to use. If I would have waited for each pronouncement, then the Ravages of T1DM would have been more severe.
I tried cinnamon tablets for 6 months but have seen no change since discontinuing its use a month or two ago. I wouldn't recommend wasting your money for it.
Cinnamon as been a "god-send" for me helping me avoid the spiking after eating. I use the common grocery store cinnamon. After eating anything, (I have a very healthy diet;i.e. low carb and regular exercise) i have about a 1/2 to a whole tsp of cinnamon mixed with a small amount of soy milk and I don't ever notice the spiking feelings from before. I was diagonosed with pre diabetes a year and half ago with a A1C of 5.7. I've had 2 other A1C's since and they hve been 5.6 and 5.8 respectively. I walk an average of 40 minutes 5 times and week, do streching exercises in the morning and some situps and knee push ups 3 times a week. I'm male and 51 years old. Cinnamon has helped me to never experience the uncomfortable spiking feeling that used to be present before starting to change my eating habits. It just helps me feel normal.
First, much of the benefit from cinnamon comes from real cinnamon, not that which is purchased in the supermarket and labeled "cinnamon" (see section "cinnamon and cassia"). Secondly, what is sold in most supermarkets (cassia) has a compound in it (courmarin) that can inflame and damage kidneys. It is the aqueous extract of cinnamon that has been shown to be of benefit to diabetics. The particular extract is known as Cinnulin PF, a trademarked compound.
Cinnamon along with chrominium picolate has had a significant impact in lowering my blood sugar as a prediabetic. It has gone from 116 to 96 after using these remedies for 2 months.
Kathyw...Cinnamon helps those with Type 2 diabetes only. It lowers insulin resistance, it does not help with autoimmunity or beta cell regeneration. Therefore, it has proven to have no effect in Type 1 diabetes. Are you a Type 1?
I can see why a study may not be repeatable. what were the criteria used in all the studies? not likely they were the same. Maybe it works only on type 2. maybe you need to exercise. maybe no oral meds. And what variety of cinnamon used as Scott asked?
I like cinnamon, I use a lot of it, it seems to help me. I do not use it as an excuse to indulge in something bad as a big cinnamon bun.
It sounds like the cinnamon compounds used in each of these dissimilar studies should be carefully analyzed and compared for differences... How many positive studies like Khan's have emerged in the past, only to have additional studies pop up immediately refuting the findings and confirming patients dependence on expensive commercial drugs? Is there a trend here?
I have type 2 diabetes I have been taking cinnamon caplets for three years I take 1000 mg before each meal my blood sugar stays around 112-160 I check my blood sugar often so I can keep a good watch I have had no known side effects I go to my doctor every three months for blood test. so for I am doing great.
I would like to try cinnamon. I take metformin and glyboride.
Since the studies sat that it takes
approximately 40 days to begin it's effects, do you continue with your normal dosage of medicine?
And, if the cinnnamon begins to work do you need to worry about sudden drops in your blood sugar because you are also taking medication during this period?
I use grocery store Cinnamon and add it to my morning coffee. It helps to regulate my blood sugar along with the Metformin 1000 mg. that I take 2 times daily. I am a Type 2 diabetic and have been for the past 6 years. Have been doing cinammon for almost a year and my A1C has been 6.3 since October of 2007.
Hi! I know people say Cinnamon isn't for Type 1's- but I'm a Type 1 and works for me. I take that and Chromium and Fenugreek and Gymme Sylvestre(?) along with my Novolog 70/30 Mix Insulin Pen. It dramtically reduced my insulin need- so don't ask me how or why it works. My BID dosing was always 16 or 17 but now it is 9 or 10. Somedays before dinner it is even 97. I wish I knew more about Type 1 Diabetes 'cause when I have a sugar of 97 before a meal I don't know if I should even give myself any insulin.
Hi John you write in web site that “The Chinese mentioned cinnamon in their written work more than 4,000 years ago. The ancient Egyptians used cinnamon in their embalming process, and the Roman writer/philosopher Pliny the Elder wrote in the first century AD that cinnamon was worth 15 times more than silver of the same weight “my question to you where did you get this info? In what language it was written and who was able to read? In India we have Ayurvedic books are written in Sanskrit and still being read not in India but in western word. Please stop spreading wrong information or provide authentic source.
I find the comments of HOFIII and the other actual diabetics interesting, including those who say don't waste your money. I believe in a holistic approach, and also am comfortable with the notion of using my body to experiment with ways and means to keep my type 2 in control. It always seems to me that the ancients knew a lot more than we have yet "discovered" about these types of cures, and the lack of consistency in our scientific approach is more to do with the actual specific extracts and species and such, as some posts have pointed out. There is a lot of very helpful information here that allows people to make a balanced judgment about their own choices about cinnamon. I'm certainly encouraged to see what might work for me. Our bodies all react differently, as we as diabetics know, and we prudently experiment and measure I think that we can find useful combinations. Walter Adamson
I recently lost my health insurance and
my doctor, and have lost access to free
samples of actos 45mg. The cinnamon I use
is the cheapest available, costing a
whopping 50cents each in the 2.37oz. size
of 5th season brand at Wal-Mart. I use a
lot of it, maybe as much as 2-3 teaspoons
of more a day. It helps a lot. I took one
half of my last remaining actos pill along
with about a third of a teaspoon of the
cinnamon. It dropped my glucose level from
222 to 109 in about an hour and a half,
far outperforming a whole actos pill. I
had cheated on my diet that particular day;
I usually never let it get above 160 or at
the very most 170 at any time. Generally
I try to keep it below 120 before I eat,
and never let it get above 155 or so.
The cinammon is definitely helping, but I
don't know if I can completely sustain
myself indefinitely.
ONE OBVIOUS OMISSION IN EVERYBODY'S
COMMENTS.
THE PAKISTANI STUDY USED 6 GRAMS
OF CINNAMON.
THE MAXIMUM EFFECTIVE DOSE
IS ABOUT 6 HEAPING TEASPOONS A DAY.
TAKE A LITTLE
BEFORE
THE MEAL, AND A LOT MORE TOWARD THE
END, BUT
NOT BY ITSELF, ONLY WITH
FOOD.
IT TASTES GREAT WITH DIET MTN.
DEW!
Put it on salad, in coffee, with
chili, or with whatever you are consuming,
both beverages and solid food.
THIS DOESN'T WORK IN SMALL
AMOUNTS! THAT'S WHY THESE STUDIES
AREN'T GETTING RESULTS.
IF YOU TAKE A HALF A TEASPOON IN
LIQUIE 18 MINUTES BEFORE EATING, AND
ANOTHER TEASPOON WITH FOOD AT THE END OF
THE MEAL, YOU CAN SEE RESULTS
IMMEDIATELY!!!!!!!!!!!!
and don't eat ANY starch at all, only
skinned chicken, lamb, venison, fish, or
turkey, and not more than 6 ounces at a
time. Eat lean beef, but only 3 ounces,
every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday in the
early afternoons. DON'T EAT ANY BREAD,
POTATO CHIPS, FRENCH FRIES, JUNK FOOD OF
ANY KIND, AND ABSOLUTELY
NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
SWEETS OF ANY KIND
EVER.
NO STARCH OR SWEETS EVER, AT ANY TIME,
FOR ANY REASON EXCEPT ONE HALF OF A PIECE
OF BREAD EVERY OTHER DAY TO KEEP YOUR STOOL
SOLID. THAT'S IT!!!!!!!!!!!!!
If you do what I say, and you're really
type 2, you can keep your sugar levels
between 120 and 160.
Also walk at least 2 miles a
day, and don't eat anything within 3 hours
of bedtime.(Except no calorie foods, like
celery or lettuce totally plain.
EAT A LOT OF GREEN BELL PEPPERS
USE A LOT OF VIRGIN OLIVE OIL!
TRY TO KEEP YOUR CALORIES BETWEEN
1400 AND 1800 A DAY, ABOUT 1200 IF
YOU WEIGH 80-95 POUNDS. ADD ABOUT 20 CALORIES
TO THE FOURTEEN HUNDRED FOR EVERY INCH THAT
YOU ARE OVER FIVE FEET NINE INCHES. WOMEN
SHOULD BE ABOUT 150-250 CALORIES BELOW
MEN.
IF YOU'RE A MAN 6 FEET TALL,
YOU SHOULD EAT 1460 CALORIES A DAY. A MAN
FIVE FEET SIX SHOULD EAT 1340 CALORIES A
DAY. A WOMAN FIVE FEET SIX INCHES TALL
SHOULD ONLY EAT ABOUT 1200 CALORIES A
DAY.
IF EVERYBODY IN THE STUDY DID
THIS, THEY WOULD GET FANTASTIC RESULTS!
REMEMBER
OLIVE OIL, CINNAMON, GREEN PEPPERS!
LOW RED MEAT AND ALMOST NO STARCH!
- L.
I use cinnamon every night in addition to my insulin and it's stabilized my night time blood sugars considerably. Not a cure, but it's been a real help. Whenever I forget to take it, I inevitably have either a hypo or hyperglycemic episode.
Many Blessings,
Lilyth
If you're eating a healthy, balanced diet or exercising in addition to your cinnamon regimen, it may just be that you're eating right (not the cinnamon) that is helping to control your blood glucose levels.
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